Submitted by Armen Hareyan on Nov 9th, 2004
Testicular cancer, the most common form of cancer in young men between ages 15 and 35, is found in either one or both testicles. Researchers aren't sure what causes testicular cancer, but men or boys who have a testicle that never descended are more likely to develop this type of cancer.
When detected and treated early, the cure rate for testicular cancer is nearly 99 percent, according to the American Cancer Society.
Know the symptoms of testicular cancer
Symptoms of testicular cancer may vary, but boys and men should see a physician if they notice any of the following warning signs:
- a lump or enlargement in either testicle
- a dull ache in the abdomen or groin
- a collection of fluid in the scrotum
- pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum
- a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum or an enlargement or tenderness in the breasts
See your physician
While these symptoms may be related to another disease or condition, be sure to see your doctor for a thorough examination to determine the cause of the problem. If you find a lump, your doctor will conduct a thorough medical history to evaluate risk factors and symptoms. If the physician detects a tumor, an ultrasound may be ordered. There are also blood tests that can help detect testicular cancer.
Treatment options for testicular cancer
The treatment for testicular cancer depends on the type of cancer and whether it has spread to other organs. Surgery involves removal of the testicle through a surgical incision in the groin. A doctor may decide on a treatment plan that combines surgery and radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Some patients may be candidates for experimental therapy, called clinical trials.
Importance of testicular self-exam
Adolescent and young men are encouraged to perform a routine testicular self-exam monthly, but please remember that a self-exam should not replace a doctor's exam.
How to conduct a testicular self exam:
After taking a warm shower or bath, stand in front of a mirror. A warm bath or shower helps relax the scrotum, making it easier to find anything that looks suspicious.
Examine each testicle with both hands by placing your index fingers under the testicle while your thumbs are placed on top. Gently roll the testicle between the thumbs and fingers. It's not uncommon for one testicle to be slightly larger than the other.
Keep in mind that you will find a small firm area near the rear of the testicles, which is normal. There is also a cord leading upward from the top of the testicle, which is normal part of the scrotum.
If you find a lump or anything that looks suspicious, see your physician as soon as possible.
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This information is provided by the Cleveland Clinic and is not intended to replace the medical advice of your doctor or health care provider. Please consult your health care provider for advice about a specific medical condition. For additional written health information, please contact the Health Information Center at the Cleveland Clinic (216) 444-3771 or toll-free (800) 223-2273 extension 43771 or visit www.clevelandclinic.org/health/ This document was last reviewed on: 2/28/2002
The Cleveland Clinic 2004
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