The consequences of quitting exercise may be greater than previously thought, according to a new study from the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory that determined that the weight gained during an exercise hiatus can be tough to shed when exercise is resumed at a later date.
The study, conducted by Paul Williams of Berkeley Lab's Life Sciences Division, found that the key to staying trim is to remain active year-round, year-after-year, and to avoid seasonal and irregular exercise patterns. Most of all, don't quit. Failure to do so may be a contributing factor in the nation's obesity epidemic.
"The price to pay for quitting exercise is higher than expected, and this price may be an important factor in the obesity epidemic affecting Americans," says Williams, whose study is published in the February issue of the journal Medicine & Science in Sports and Exercise.
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The study should prompt people to think twice before taking a break from their exercise regimens, despite the pressures of family and work obligations, or waning motivation.
Using data collected from the National Runners' Health Study, Williams found that the impacts of increasing and decreasing vigorous exercise aren't the same among all runners. At distances above 20 miles per week in men and 10 miles per week in women, the pounds gained by running less were about the same as the pounds lost by running more. At these exercise levels, the effects of training and quitting training are comparable, and the weight gains and losses associated with changes in exercise levels are probably reversible.
However, Williams found that people who didn't run as many miles per week face an uphill battle if they want to lose the pounds accumulated during an exercise hiatus. At these less intense levels, an interruption in exercise produces weight gain that is not lost by simply resuming the same exercise regimen.
"At lower mileages, there is asymmetric weight gain and loss from increasing and decreasing exercise, leading to an expected weight gain from an exercise hiatus," says Williams. "In other words, if you stop exercising, you don't get to resume where you left off if you want to lose weight."
Specifically, Williams compared 17,280 men and 5,970 women who decreased their running distance with 4,632 men and 1,953 women who increased their running distance over a 7.7-year period. He found that runners who decreased their distance from five to zero miles per week gained four times as much weight as those who decreased their distance from 25 to 20 miles per week. He also found that people who started running after an exercise layoff didn't lose weight until their mileage exceeded 20 miles per week in men, and 10 miles per week in women.
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