Improved Vaccine Helps Protect Dogs Against Leptospirosis

Dog Breeds and leptospirosis

As farms become 500-home developments, these once-rural areas may become dangerous for the family dog.

The incidence of leptospirosis, a contagious and potentially fatal infectious disease that damages the kidneys and liver of dogs, has increased in the past 10 years in the United States. Dogs in recently developed suburbs seem to be most affected, although all dog breeds may be at risk for the disease.

"In my clinic, I see leptospirosis cases every year," said John Young, Munster Animal Hospital (Munster, Ind.). "During the summer months when leptospirosis is most prevalent, the number of cases I see significantly increases."

Often considered the most widespread zoonotic disease in the world, leptospirosis is caused by bacteria that live in water, mud or moist soil. The bacteria are spread by the urine of infected animals and once in water or damp soil, they can survive for months under suitable conditions.

The disease occurs worldwide and can infect dogs, wildlife and humans. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the increased building and development in areas that were once rural increases potential exposure for dogs, which come into contact with wildlife, such as rats, opossum and raccoons that are infected with leptospirosis. However, dogs may risk exposure to the bacteria almost anywhere: dog parks, pet stores, dog day care, rest stops or even their own backyards.

In the past year, Pfizer has developed an improved vaccine that helps protect dogs against the four most common Leptospira of the disease.

"Although more than 200 serovars have been identified, most canine infections can be traced to one of four serovars of the disease," said Kristina Wahlstrom, MS, VMD, Group Director, US Companion Animal Veterinary Operations, Pfizer Animal Health. "Several animal heath companies have developed new vaccines to provide protection against all four serovars."

The vaccine is usually given in conjunction with the annual vaccinations to prevent distemper and other diseases. For additional information about leptospirosis or pet health in general, be sure to consult your veterinarian.

Common symptoms for dog infection

For pet owners, the first clinical signs that their dog is infected are fever, vomiting, loss of appetite, polyuria and lethargy. Because the disease primarily attacks the liver and kidneys, it can result in organ failure and death.

Pfizer Animal Health, a business of Pfizer Inc., is a world leader in animal health, committed to providing high-quality, innovative medicines and vaccines, including pharmaceuticals and biologicals, for companion animals and livestock. For additional information on Pfizer Animal Health, visit http://www.pfizerah.com